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Verb types
The verb typology is to help conjugate the verbs. There are six different types of verbs, and you will identify them by infinitive forms (that's the form you'll find in a dictionary).
Verb type 1
-A/-Ä
This type ends with two vowels, and you get the stem by removing the last vowel, which is always a or ä. If there's consonant gradation, the infinitive and the 3rd person are always in strong grade, other persons in weak grade.
All these stems end with a vowel, that's why they are called vowelstems.
- puhu-a puhu-n puhu-u puhu-isin
- lukea luen lukee lukisin
- rakastaa rakastan rakastaa rakastaisin
- tuntea tunnen tuntee tuntisin
- ymmärtää ymmärrän ymmärtää ymmärtäisin
Verb type 2
-DA/-DÄ
You get the stem by removing the da/dä -ending. There's never consonant gradiation in this type.
- juo-da juo-n juo jo-isin
- jäädä jään jää jäisin
- saada saan saa saisin
- viedä vien vie veisin
- voida voin voi voisin
Verb type 3
There are four different endings in this type. You get the stem by removing the ending. In the personal conjugation, you must add e before the personal ending. Consonant gradation is possible only in the verbs ending with -la/lä, then infinitive is in weak grade, other persons in strong grade.
-LA / LÄ
- tulla tulen tulee
- ajatella ajattelen ajattelee ajattelisin
-NA / NÄ
- panna panen panee
- mennä menen menee
-RA / RÄ
- purra puren puree
- surra suren suree surisin
-(S)TA / (S)TÄ
- nousta nousen nousee nousisin
- juosta juoksen juoksee juoksisin
Verb type 4
-(V)TA/TÄ
This type ends with any vowel + ta/tä. You get the stem by removing the ta/tä and adding an extra a/ä. If there's consonant gradiation, the infinitive is in weak, and all the persons in strong grade.
- avata avaan avaa avaisin
- erota eroan eroaa eroaisin
- vastata vastaan vastaa vastaisin
Verb type 5
-ITA/ITÄ
- tarvita tarvitsen tarvitsee
- merkitä merkitsen merkitsee
You get the stem by removing the ta/tä and adding -tse. There's never a consonant gradiation in this type.
Verb type 6
-ETA/ETÄ
You get the stem by removing the ta/tä and adding -ne.
- kylmetä kylmenen kylmenee kylmenisi
- paeta pakenen pakenee pakenisin
- valita valitsen valitsee valitsisin
All topics
- Vowel harmony
- Consonant gradation
- Verbs in general
- Personal forms
- Tempus
- Infinitives
- Verb types
- Negation
- Participles
- Nomines in general
- Nominative, genitive, partitive
- Essive, translative, abessive
- Location cases
- Pronouns
- Subjects and objects
- Types of senteces
- Questions
- Modifiers
- Derivation
- Orthography